On 27 April 2022, a Ukrainian press freedom NGO said at least 100 media outlets were forced to close in areas recently occupied by Russian forces. According to Oksana Romaniuk, the acting director of the Institute of Mass Information, media in this situation can choose either to collaborate with occupying forces or to close and cease operations. She said that over 100 Ukrainian media chose the first option, while reportedly only four agreed to collaborate with Russian forces. Closed outlets needed to fire all their staff and could continue publishing only on social media, Romaniuk added.