To mark World Press Freedom Day, IPI’s media partners in the South Asia Cross-border journalism project in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal have documented several press freedom violations in their countries. These stories are published in all the five news publications – The Daily Star, The Week, Dawn, Republica and Nagarik.
Months and months of unpaid salaries, unending unpaid leaves, unpaid termination benefits and penalising unions — this is what the pandemic has left the news industry with.
An introspection into the fourth estate reveals that those tasked with speaking up against violations have been the victims of gross labour rights violations themselves.
When a legacy newspaper with ruling party alignment terminated 36 people on March 15, 2021, it led to a messy series of events.
First of, the ones terminated claimed that they were all members of a trade union inside the newspaper, and that those unionising were penalised.
“We formed a union because two years ago we wanted to pressurise the establishment to pay the arrears of the previous years. At the time of termination we were demanding that we receive increments — there had been no increments in the newspaper for 8 years,” claimed Bivash Barai, a terminated journalist who was the head of the union unit inside the newspaper. “We were also demanding that those not on the wage board be regularised and brought back under the board. We gave a letter to the establishment on March 4,2021 stating our demands.”
36 of them got a termination letter 11 days after, stating that they are not needed at the newspaper. On April 11, they organised a protest in front of the office.
“We had come to the gate, and the gate was closed and there were police in front of the gate. Inside the gates, there were many people sitting facing the gate with rods, sticks and staffs — but we had no idea who they were, and we had never seen them before,” said Bivash Barai.
As the journalists protested, suddenly hell broke loose. “When we were not being allowed into the building, our protesters threw small rocks targeting the gate. The armed people retaliated by attacking the protesters with rods,” said Shaju Ahmed, a former subeditor at the newspaper. He was attacked from behind, hit on the head several times shattering his skin
“I am a heart patient, so I could not run. They kept saying that ‘I will break your hips so that you cannot do journalism’,” said Shaju. As blood flooded his eyes, the 47-year-old slipped into a haze.
“I fell to the ground and lay there. They beat me in the whole body. My left leg had a prior surgery — that was affected more. I still cannot walk properly. I have headaches all the time, and my spins often,” said Shaju, who had worked at the newspaper for over 7 years.
At another prominent newspaper owned by a leading industrial group, senior employees were put on unpaid “leave” on June 10 last year, that has still not ended.
“29 of us were given letters on June 10,” said a former senior reporter of the newspaper requesting anonymity. This increased later to include more totalling to about 50-60. Seeing that the news organisation is neither terminating him lawfully, nor asking him to come back to work, he recently handed in his resignation, thereby forfeiting the termination benefits he was entitled to.
“They did not terminate us, so I only received my provident fund, but not the service benefit,” said Naushad Jamil, a 37-year-old culture reporter who worked at the organisation for the last 11 years. “This is a violation of the labour law.”
At a slightly smaller newspaper owned by a social services organisation, journalists have not been getting paid for months at a time. “I was terminated in April 2020. Those of us who were part of the union were terminated first — 6 of us first, then 6 more people. I was the Dhaka Union of Journalists unit chief at the newspaper,” said Motlu Mallik who used to be the chief reporter.
“When we left in April, they had fallen behind on salaries by 2 months which went on for a further 3 months. They cleared dues of 5 months at a time, but then they stopped paying again for 8 months again,” he said. Currently the employees are not getting a single taka informed Mallik.
In addition, the sacked journalists had to protest to get their rightful service benefits, he said. “We held human chains on April 29, May 3 and June 4 of last year in front of the office and in front of the gate of the foundation that owns us,” said Mallik. Only 6 people of the 19 terminated have gotten their service benefits, informed the terminated journalist.
While all is less than rosy in the city centre, the journalists out of Dhaka fared far, far worse.
Al-Mamun Jibon, a reporter from Thakurgaon was served a double blow when he was sued under Digital Security Act and his salary stopped at the same time.
He used to work for a relatively smaller newsroom, and on March 26, he received a letter saying his honorarium would be stopped. “It said that if I still wish to contribute news, I am welcome to, but that I would not be paid anymore,” said Jibon.
Then on April 15, he was hit with a DSA case for putting up a social media post about how the mismanagement of the administration led to a surge in Covid-19 cases. “Since then I had to be on the run, for fear of arrest, until I got bail on September 2. Meanwhile my earning was nil from the newsroom,” said Jibon.
Another 34 year-old reporter from Sunamganj, who requested anonymity, spoke of being taken on with a large newspaper in December 2019, but of having received his contract only in March of this year.
“I have worked with them since December 2019. I have not gotten any recruitment/contract letter since then. I sent 3-4 current news every day, plus 3-4 special stories every month. In addition I brought them ads worth Tk 70,000. I only got a contract letter last month, and hopefully will start getting a salary soon,” he said.
A group of researchers from Drik led by Dr Saydia Gulrukh interviewed 100 journalists between October 2020 to January 2021 and found several violations across the board.
“Journalists have been found to have been terminated with no notice period at all at newsrooms of all sizes,” stated the report, a draft of which was shared with this correspondent. It adds that while retrenchment is legally allowed, the worker must be given a month’s worth of notice period.
“Terminated journalists are facing a lot of difficulty extracting the gratuity and provident fund which is rightfully owed to them,” said the report. Owners also recruit journalists, but fail to provide recruitment contracts until long after they have started working, it added.
A sense of despair and hopelessness about the future was the one prevalent sentiment that was common among all the journalists interviewed by The Daily Star.
“Will this report change anything?” questioned Jamil. The answer to that unfortunately, is not known.
