On 9 December 2022, RFE/RL reported that Olga Belova, an independent journalist, was detained by authorities along with at least two human rights activists in Samara Oblast. Following her detention, Belova was found guilty of violating article 20.29 of the Russian code of administrative offences by publishing “extremist” materials. It was not clear which materials authorities were referring to, as well as whether Belova received a fine or an administrative arrest sentence.